What They Mean and Why They Matter

Water chemistry plays a major role in betta health, longevity, and breeding success.

pH (Potential Hydrogen):

Measures acidity/alkalinity

Ideal range for bettas: 6.5–7.5

Too low = stress, too high = ammonia more toxic

GH (General Hardness):

Measures minerals (calcium, magnesium)

Ideal GH: 6–10 dGH

Affects muscle, bone, and scale development

KH (Carbonate Hardness):

Affects pH stability

Ideal KH: 3–6 dKH

Low KH = unstable pH; high KH = stable but harder to adjust

How to Adjust:

Raise pH/GH/KH: Crushed coral, limestone, baking soda (tiny amounts)

Lower pH: Indian almond leaves, peat, RO water blends